Audio-Visual Mixed Reality Representation of Hazard Zones for Safe Pedestrian Navigation of a Space

Abstract It is difficult to estimate the boundaries of hazard zones generated around autonomous machines and robots when navigating a space shared with them. We investigated use multimodal (auditory and/or visual) mixed-reality (MR) displays warn users about invading such hazards help them return safety. Two single-modality auditory visual were designed, which subjectively comparable as generic displays. An experimental user study was then conducted compare designed well an audio-visual display that combined both. When included information, returned sooner safety, although this had small effect on performance carrying out independent navigation task. Additional nuanced possible differences are reported discussed in relation design characteristics, limitations implementations current MR head-mounted devices.